Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9 THC) is the primary psychoactive cannabinoid in cannabis. Chemical formula C₂₁H₃₀O₂. Δ9 THC is produced when THCa (the acid-form precursor) is heated, a reaction called decarboxylation. Smoking, vaping, dabbing, or baking cannabis triggers this conversion in real-time. Δ9 THC binds with high affinity to the body's CB1 receptors (concentrated in the brain and central nervous system), producing the psychoactive effects associated with cannabis — altered perception, euphoria, appetite stimulation, impaired coordination and short-term memory. Δ9 THC is federally Schedule I (Controlled Substances Act), but the 2018 Farm Bill exempts hemp (cannabis with less than 0.3% Δ9 THC by dry weight). Legal marijuana (0.3%+ Δ9) operates in state-licensed markets. Δ9 is distinct from Δ8 THC (an isomer with slightly weaker psychoactivity) and Δ10 THC (a rarer isomer with more sativa-leaning anecdotal effects).
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