CBD

CBD (cannabidiol) is the second-most-abundant cannabinoid in cannabis, and the most thoroughly researched non-psychoactive cannabinoid. Chemical formula C₂₁H₃₀O₂. CBD does not bind strongly to CB1 receptors, so it does not produce the psychoactive "high" associated with THC. Instead, CBD acts as a negative allosteric modulator of CB1, moderating THC's effects when both are present — which is one mechanism behind the "entourage effect". Beyond the ECS, CBD interacts with serotonin (5-HT1A), adenosine, and TRPV1 receptors, which is the pharmacological basis for ongoing research into CBD's effects on anxiety, sleep, seizures (Epidiolex, an FDA-approved CBD medication, is prescribed for refractory epilepsy), and inflammation. CBD-rich cannabis cultivars typically have 8–20% CBD and low (under 1%) THC. Hemp is legally defined partly by its low THC — most legal hemp is CBD-rich. CBD products include isolate, broad-spectrum (CBD + terps, no THC), and full-spectrum (CBD + terps + trace THC).